AUGUST 2019 UPDATE (YAHOO NEWS)
No 'gay gene', but study finds
genetic links to sexual behavior
AUGUST 2019 UPDATE (WSJournal)
Research Finds Genetic Links to
Same-Sex Behavior (READ THE ARTICLE!
THIS TITLE DOES NOT REFLECT THE ACTUAL FINDINGS!)
A broad study found five genetic
markers, but experts caution that environmental factors also play a role
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ORIGINAL PNN ARTICLE:
Eight major studies, over 20 years of research, in 3 different nations, utilizing several prominent scientists and researchers and over ten thousand scientific papers - all come to the same scientific end-point ... homosexuality is not genetic.
PNN CONCLUSIONS and OBSERVATIONS:
1. If homosexuality is not genetic, the only logical conclusion is that it is a lifestyle "choice." This is exactly what the Bible says and it is why God judges the act so severely, as well as calling it an abomination.
2. If it is not genetic, should we not reverse our "laws" and "celebrations" of this obviously perverse and abnormally "chosen" lifestyle? How can the Supreme Court rule that homosexual marriage is "normal" and "lawful?" How can any sane court rule that the rest of us must finance it, support it and celebrate it?
3. Even if it is somehow scientifically and conclusively proven to be "genetic," should we not be looking for a "cure" for this obvious genetic defect? After all - homosexuality is found in less than 10% (and most reliable surveys find less than 3%) of the entire population. Since the lifestyle produces nothing biologically useful to the human race (children) and since the sexual practices are obviously abnormal (the "plumbing" does not fit - or work) and extremely unhealthy (CDC says it is the most dangerous form of sexual activity on the planet - especially males having sex with males), and ultimately it is inherently dangerous to the rest of the human population (CDC says so) - shouldn't we be looking for ways to "eradicate" this genetic defect as we do with other dangerous and unhealthy genetic disorders? Why does this not make sense?
4. Jesus Himself said that the end-times would follow the pattern of the "days of Lot" (Sodom and Gomorrah). Jesus said, at the end of times just before His return, it would be "Just like this!" See Luke 17.
5. Paul said that rampant homosexuality was a last days sign of being "given over to a depraved mind." See Romans 1
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Eight major studies of identical twins in Australia, the U.S., and Scandinavia during the last two decades all arrive at the same conclusion: gays were not born that way.
“At best genetics is a minor factor,” says Dr. Neil Whitehead, PhD. Whitehead worked for the New Zealand government as a scientific researcher for 24 years, then spent four years working for the United Nations and International Atomic Energy Agency. Most recently, he serves as a consultant to Japanese universities about the effects of radiation exposure. His PhD is in biochemistry and statistics.
Identical twins have the same genes or DNA. They are nurtured in equal prenatal conditions. If homosexuality is caused by genetics or prenatal conditions and one twin is gay, the co-twin should also be gay.
“Because they have identical DNA, it ought to be 100%,” Dr. Whitehead notes. But the studies reveal something else. “If an identical twin has same-sex attraction the chances the co-twin has it are only about 11% for men and 14% for women.”
Because identical twins are always genetically identical, homosexuality cannot be genetically dictated. “No-one is born gay,” he notes. “The predominant things that create homosexuality in one identical twin and not in the other have to be post-birth factors.”
The following article appears originally at:
http://www.isthereagaygene.com/scientific-evidence/
The following is a summary of 20 years of scientific research into homosexuality by Dr. N.E. Whitehead covering more than 10,000 scientific papers and publications from all sides of the debate. The research is non-selective, orthodox, and objective. These conclusions are fully backed up in his book, My Genes Made Me Do It! – a Scientific Look at Sexual Orientation
(published USA, 1999, latest edition August 2010).*
Scientific Evidence
IS THERE A GAY GENE?
“Geneticists, anthropologists,
developmental psychologists, sociologists, endocrinologists,
neuroscientists, medical researchers into gender, and twin study
researchers are in broad agreement about the role of genetics in
homosexuality. Genes don’t make you do it. There is no genetic
determinism, and genetic influence at most is minor.”
(www.mygenes.co.nz)
The huge amount of change in sexual
orientation is one of the clearest evidences that homosexuality is not
hard-wired by genes or anything in the biological environment.
Large studies now show that.For adults:
About half of those with exclusive SSA** move towards heterosexuality over a lifetime. Put another way, 3% of the practicing heterosexual population (both men and women) claim to have once been either bisexual or homosexual.For adolescents:
These changes are not therapeutically induced, but happen “naturally” in life, some very quickly.
Most changes in sexual orientation are towards exclusive heterosexuality.
Numbers of people who have changed towards exclusive OSA*** are greater than current numbers of bisexuals and exclusive SSA people combined. In other words, “Ex-gays outnumber actual gays.” Kinnish, K.K., Strassberg, D.S. and Turner, C.W. (2005) Sex Differences in the flexibility of Sexual Orientation: A Multidimensional Retrospective Assessment; Archives of Sexual Behavior, 34, 175-183.
Exclusive OSA*** is 17 times as stable as exclusive SSA for men, and 30 times as stable as exclusive SSA for women. (Women move about more in their sexual orientation than men.)
Most teenagers will change from SSA. In fact, in the 16 to 17 year age group, 98% will move from homosexuality and bisexuality towards heterosexuality.
16 year olds saying they are SSA or Bi-attracted are 25 times more likely to say they are opposite sex attracted at the age of 17 than those with a heterosexual orientation are likely to identify themselves as bi-sexual or homosexual.
16-year olds who claim they are opposite sex attracted will overwhelmingly remain that way. Savin-Williams, R.C. and Ream, G.L., (2007) Prevalence and Stability of Sexual Orientation Components During Adolescence and Young Adulthood; Archives of Sexual Behavior 36, 385-394.
Genes
Twin Studies:
These very complex comparisons of
identical twins and non-identical twins definitively rule out genetic
determinism. Identical twins with identical genes are about 11-14%
concordant for SSA. If homosexuality were “genetic,” identical co-twins
of homosexual men and women would also be homosexual 100% of the time.
In classic twin studies the genetic fraction is less than 23% for men
and 37% for women and may be as low as 10%. Twin studies continue to
find steadily lower genetic fractions for homosexuality as methodology
improves and samples become larger. Everyone has at least a 10% genetic
factor influence in his or her thinking and behavior—simply because
without genes there can be no human activity or behavior of any kind.
Twin studies show that individualistic reactions to chance events (in
which one identical twin reacts differently from the other) are by far
the strongest contributors to homosexuality. In other words, randomness
is a strong factor.
Other:A scan of the whole genome has not found any homosexual genes, unlike the case for schizophrenia (which has still only identified 4 genes linked to 3%of schizophrenia.)
From an understanding of gene structure and function there are no plausible means by which genes could dictate SSA (or other behaviors) in a person.
So far, genetically dictated behaviors of the “one-gene-one-trait” variety have been found only in very simple organisms. Generally, geneticists agree that many genes (from at least five to many hundreds) contribute to any particular human behavior.
Any genetic influence is believed to be weak and indirect.
No genetically determined human behavior has yet been found. The most closely genetically-related behavior yet discovered (mono-amine oxidase deficiency leading to aggression) has shown itself remarkably responsive to counseling.
A genetically dominated SSA caused by a cluster of genes could not suddenly appear and disappear in families, as it does. It would persist through every generation for many generations. It is genetically implausible that many “heterosexual” genes could switch off at the same time.
The human race shares most of its genes—something between 99.7%and 99.9%. That means all ethnic groups will have most of them. This has three implications.
If homosexuality is genetically dictated, homosexual practices will be identical or very similar in all cultures. But the enormous range and diversity of homosexual practice and customs in different cultures (and within cultures) argues against this.There would be a similar percentage of homosexuality in all cultures. But homosexuality has been unknown in some cultures and mandatory in others.Changes in homosexual practice and behavior in different cultures would take place very slowly, over many centuries. But this is not what history shows. The decline of whole models (culturally specific expressions) of homosexuality within a century; the relatively sudden (in genetic terms) emergence of the present Western model over a couple of centuries; and abrupt changes of practice within an ethnic group, even over a single generation, are not consistent with anything genetic. It is even less so the swiftly changing sexual practices within the current Western model.The occurrence of SSA in the population is too frequent to be caused by a faulty pre-natal developmental process, so it is not innate in that sense either. This includes epigenetic processes, i.e. influences of the environment on genetic expression.If SSA were genetically determined, and led to same-sex contact only it would have bred itself out of the population in only several generations. It would not exist today.First attractions (both SSA and OSA) occur on average at age 10 and are rarely “earliest memories” meaning attraction is mostly socially induced. The spread of ages of first attraction is very large, very different from the small spread of ages for the genetically pre-programmed event, puberty.
MY GENES MADE ME DO IT! A Scientific Look at Sexual Orientation
- By Dr. Neil Whitehead (AMAZON)
Hormones
There have been many studies—none of
which has shown any convincing strong relationship between homosexuality
and exposure to pre-natal hormones, although several have shown very
weak links between pre-natal hormone exposure and infant play. Studies
examining effects of very high doses of female hormones to pregnant
mothers show no effect on males and a dubious effect on women. Therapy
changing levels of adult male and female sex hormones has been shown to
affect sex drive but not orientation.
The idea that homosexuality results from
pre-natal immune attack on male brain characteristics by the mother is
poorly supported. In that case male testes and genitalia (having the
largest cluster of male-specific targets) should be attacked but are
not.
Brain Structure
Brain Structure
Numerous older studies of brain
microstructures, in the nineties, have failed to come up with replicable
differences between adult heterosexual and homosexual brains.
Modern studies show male and female
brains at birth are not structurally different, making the likelihood of
a specifically “homosexual” brain remote indeed. The main consistently
replicable difference, from about age two or three, is their size.
The environment has effects on major sexual dimorphism from birth to puberty and beyond.
Sexual dimorphism of the brain mainly
occurs at puberty, but even so, experts still have difficulty
identifying structural differences between adult male and female brains
(let alone heterosexual and homosexual). There is substantial overlap.
Neuroscientists are finding that the
brain is extraordinarily plastic. The scientific consensus now is that
even as an adult, we are what we are making our brains even though we
may not be aware of the constant ongoing process. These changes in
microstructure are visible in brain scans, within months.
If differences are found between
homosexual and heterosexual brains they are probably the result of years
of conditioning (repeated thinking patterns and behavior).
Social, Sociological
Intersexes:
About 90% of Western “intersex” children (those born with ambiguous genitalia) choose to remain in their gender of upbringing when puberty reveals their true genetic gender and surgical interventions are offered. Often, this choice has been made in the face of very contrary physical and hormonal characteristics. It argues for predominant environmental influences on the formation of gender orientation and behavior.Other:
Divorce of parents (as judged from Danish gay marriage backgrounds) doubles the risk of later homosexuality in children.Instincts
The stages of psycho-social development toward adult heterosexuality are well defined and accepted by developmental psychologists, and are so obviously learned that heterosexuality is clearly not genetically mandated. In surveys of adult homosexuals many show deficits in several of these developmental stages—suggesting that homosexuality is cultural and environmental rather than genetic.
There is a much higher occurrence of homosexuality among those who have been raised in large cities, rather than in rural areas, arguing that the environment is much more powerful than genes in the development of homosexuality.
A scientific/sociological tool, Path Analysis, has been argued to show that there is no social or familial basis to homosexuality, but rather a biological one. However, social and family paths leading to homosexuality were collectively significant, though individual paths were not. In contrast genetic paths were collectively insignificant.
Our instincts, such as
self-preservation, hunger, and reproduction, are among the most deeply
embedded and strongest impulses we have, but these are able to be
controlled and even adapted. If we want to argue homosexuality is also a
deeply ingrained instinct, we can also argue it should be malleable and
responsive to training.
Causes of SSA**
There is no one cause. No single
genetic, hormonal, social, or environmental factor is predominant. There
are similar themes, childhood gender non-conformity, sexual abuse, peer
and family dynamics, sexual history, but the mix varies with
individuals making individualistic responses the single overriding
factor. Two children from the same family and social environment can
interpret incidents very differently. So random reaction, if it
structures itself into self-image, can become a significant contributor
to homosexuality—as twin studies show. The overriding outcome is a
homo-emotional focus on people of the same sex that, at puberty, gets
confused or melded with genital sex. This begins to finds expression in
sexual acts with others of the same sex which become habitual and often
(particularly in males) addictive.
It can be changed. Where responses are
deeply entrenched it takes courage, commitment, perseverance, effort,
self-examination and support from others. But many people who have not
gotten into the behavior and lifestyle very deeply change more easily.
Is it all worth it? Is it worthwhile to
gain the freedom where nothing rules over you? Is it worthwhile to find
others who have shared the same struggle? Is it satisfying to join a
group who are the real heroes? Is it worthwhile to come out of what did
not involve conscious choice, by an adult conscious choice? Is it
worthwhile to do what others say is impossible? If a change like this is
possible, what else may be possible?
DNA is a ladder of nitrogenous bases and
sugars that is a recipe for proteins, not sexual preferences. But it is
also a ladder of destiny, a Jacob’s ladder, and it is our choice
whether angels or demons walk up and down it. We can decide to
capitulate to the “genetic argument.” Do your genes make you do it? You
choose.
I saw, struggling in a stagnant pool, a
bee which had somehow fallen in. It flapped its wings futilely and tried
to dog-paddle, but made no progress. It seemed to be drowning. All
around the bee were little creatures called water-fleas who hopped
round, trouble-free on the surface of the water. They didn’t seem
interested in the bee at all. I took the bee out of the pool using a
dead leaf from a tree, and set it down nearby on the slate surround. The
bee staggered off the leaf, drunkenly wandering in its new freedom,
headed straight back to the pool and fell in again. I lifted it out once
more, and the bee staggered round rather aimlessly and seemed quite
lost. I transferred it further away onto some grass. It tried to use its
wings, but it looked to me as though they might be torn, and it might
never fly again. It staggered from blade to blade, under some and over
some in the three dimensional maze of the herbage. It even hopped from
one blade to another, perhaps pathetically imagining it was flying.
Then—suddenly—after I had practically given up, it flew! It wove a
surprisingly straight course through the airy dimensions and was out of
sight in seconds. I never saw it again. This I know: that bee reached
heights the water-fleas couldn’t even dream of and so can you.
–Dr. Neil
Whitehead
*My Genes Made me do it! is constantly being revised and updated.
** SSA is shorthand for Same Sex Attraction.
***OSA is shorthand for Opposite Sex Attraction.
MY GENES MADE ME DO IT! A Scientific Look at Sexual Orientation
- By Dr. Neil Whitehead (AMAZON)
http://www.mygenes.co.nz/summary.htm and http://www.mygenes.co.nz/transsexuality.htm
All documentation quoted verbatim from Dr. N.E. Whitehead with permission.
(This disclaimer appears on the originating website HERE)
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MORE READING about this article and research:
http://www.redflagnews.com/headlines/identical-twin-studies-prove-homosexuality-is-not-genetic
http://www.orthodoxytoday.org/blog/2013/06/identical-twin-studies-prove-homosexuality-is-not-genetic/
http://www.isthereagaygene.com/scientific-evidence/
http://www.mygenes.co.nz/
This is an amazing and highly useful article! Thanks for posting this. SHARED!
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